Textile Wet Processing-1 (lab)

Experiment Name :

Scouring and bleaching of 100% cotton knitted fabric of single stage.

Theory :
In this experiment scouring and bleaching is done together.Scouring is done to remove fats and oils from textile materials.By doing this process textile materials become more absorbable then before.Bleaching is done to remove natural colour.By doing this process textile materials become luster and white then before.So after finishing this process textile materials are ready for dyeing besides bleaching process impart and permanent whiteness of textile materials. 

Nature of sample :
The sample that we have taken a cotton fabric.It is carded yarn's fabric and knitted fabric.

Instruments required : 
1. Gas burner
2.water
3.Thermometer
4.Glass rod
5. Scissor etc.

Process sequence : 
Grey fabric - Scouring and bleaching(25 min) - Cold wash - Hot wash - Cold wash - Drawing .


Recipe : 
Drtergent = 1 g/L (stock solution- 1%)
NaoH = 2 g/L ( stock solution- 2%)
H2O2 = 4 g/L (stock solution- 2%)
Stabilizer = 1 g/L (stock solution- 1%)
Temperature = 100' C
Time = 25 min
Sample wt = 5 gm
M:L = 1:40


Calculation :
Sample wt = 5 gm
M:L = 1:40
Amount of total liquor = 5 X 40 ml = 200 ml
Detergent = (200 X 1) / (1000 X 1%) = (200 X 1 X 100) / (1000 X 1) = 20 ml 
NaoH = (200 X 2) / (1000 X 2%) = (200 X 2 X 100) / (1000 X 2) = 20 ml
H2O2 = (200 X 4) / (1000 X 2%) = (200 X 4 X 100) / (1000 X 2) = 40ml
Stabilizer = (200 X 1) / (1000 X 1%) = (200 X 1 X 100) / (1000 X   1) = 20 ml
Total water = 200 ml - (20 + 20 + 40 +20) ml = 100 ml


Procedure : 
First we have to take total liquor in a glass. In the glass we have to take the sample. After taking all these we have to heat the glass in 25 min. In heating process we have to shake total liquor by glass rod in time to time.

Process curve :

Sample attachment :

Conclusion : 
Scouring and bleaching is very important in textile industries for many purposes. In this experiment we came to know how to do bleaching and scouring. We think, this experiment will be very helpful in our future working life.            

Textile Wet Processing-1 (lab)

Experiment Name :

Dyeing of 100% cotton fabric with direct dye.

Theory :
In this experiment dyeing of 100% cotton fabric is done with direct dye.Dyeing is done to add color on textile materials.By doing this process textile materials become colorful for our desire.So after finishing this process textile materials are ready for making garments.

Nature of sample :
The sample that we have taken a cotton fabric.It is carded yarn's fabric and knitted fabric.

Instruments required : 

1. Gas burner
2.Pipet
3.Thermometer
4.Glass rod
5. Scissor etc.


Recipe : 
Direct dye = 1% owf (stock solution- 1%)
Wetting agent = 1 g/L ( stock solution- 1%)
Salt = 2 g/L (stock solution- 1%)
Temperature = 100' C
Time = 20 min
Sample wt = 5 gm
pH=7-8.5
M:L = 1:40


Calculation :
Sample wt = 5 gm
M:L = 1:40
Amount of total liquor = 5 X 40 ml = 200 ml
Direct dye = (5 X 1%) / 1%  = 5 ml 
Wetting agent = (200 X 1) / (1000 X 1%) = (200 X 1 X 100) / (1000 X 1) = 20 ml
Salt = (200 X 2) / (1000 X 1%) = (200 X 2 X 100) / (1000 X 1) = 40 ml
Total water = 200 ml - (5 + 20 + 40) ml = 135 ml


Procedure : 
First we have to take total liquor in a glass. In the glass we have to take the sample. After taking all these we have to heat the glass in 20 min. In heating process we have to shake total liquor by glass rod in time to time.After finishing this process we have found a color fabric.

Process curve :

Sample attachment :

Conclusion :Dyeing is very important in textile industries for many purposes. In this experiment we came to know how to do this dyeing process. We think, this experiment will be very helpful in our future working life.                                                                         

Textile Wet Processing-1 (lab)

Experiment Name :

Dyeing of 100% Nylon fabric with acid dye.

Theory :
In this experiment dyeing of 100% Nylon fabric is done with acid dye.Dyeing is done to add color on textile materials.By doing this process textile materials become colorful for our desire.So after finishing this process textile materials are ready for making garments.

Nature of sample :
The sample that we have taken a Nylon fabric.

Instruments required : 

1. Gas burner
2.Pipet
3.Thermometer
4.Glass rod
5. Scissor etc.


Recipe :
Acid dye = 1% owf (stock solution- 1%)
Wetting agent = 1 g/L ( stock solution- 1%)
Acetic acid = 0.6 g/L (stock solution- 1%)
Temperature = 100' C
Time = 20 min
pH=4.5-5.5
Sample wt = 5 gm
M:L = 1:40


Calculation :
Sample wt = 5 gm
M:L = 1:40
Amount of total liquor = 5 X 40 ml = 200 ml 
 Acid dye = (5 X 1%) / 1%  = 5 ml 
Wetting agent = (200 X 1) / (1000 X 1%) = (200 X 1 X 100) / (1000 X 1) = 20 ml
Acetic acid = (200 X 0.6) / (1000 X 1%) = (200 X 0.6 X 100) / (1000 X 1) = 12 ml
Total water = 200 ml - (5 + 20 + 12) ml = 163 ml


Procedure : 
First we have to take total liquor in a glass. In the glass we have to take the sample. After taking all these we have to heat the glass in 20 min. In heating process we have to shake total liquor by glass rod in time to time.After finishing this process we have found a color fabric.

Process curve :

Sample attachment :

Conclusion :Dyeing is very important in textile industries for many purposes. In this experiment we came to know how to do this dyeing process. We think, this experiment will be very helpful in our future working life.                                                                         

Textile Wet Processing -1 (lab)

Experiment Name :

Bio-polishing of 100% cotton knitted fabric with cellulose enzyme.

Theory :
In this experiment bio-polishing is done to remove hairiness,reduce the pilling tendency,reduce fluff from textile materials.By doing this process textile materials become more luster,increase absorbency and improve handle properties like softness and flexibility.So after finishing this process textile materials are ready for dyeing. 

Nature of sample :
The sample that we have taken a cotton fabric.It is carded yarn's fabric and knitted fabric.

Instruments required : 
1.Cellulose enzyme
2. Gas burner
3.water
4.Thermometer
5.Glass rod
6. Scissor etc.

Process sequence : 
Grey fabric - Bio-polishing at 50'c(25 min) - Rinsing temperature at 30'c (3 min) - Cold wash - Hot wash - Cold wash - Drawing .


Recipe : 
Cellulose enzyme = 1% owf  (stock solution- 1%)
Acetic acid = 0.7 g/L ( stock solution- 1%)
Temperature = 50' C
Time = 20 min
pH=4.5-5.5
Sample wt = 5 gm
M:L = 1:20


Calculation :
Sample wt = 5 gm
M:L = 1:20
Amount of total liquor = 5 X 20 ml = 100 ml
Cellulose enzyme = (5 X 1%) / 1% = 5 ml 
Acetic acid = (100 X 0.7) / (1000 X 1%) = (100 X 0.7 X 100) / (1000 X 1) = 7 ml
Total water = 100 ml - (5 + 7) ml = 88 ml


Procedure : 
First we have to take total liquor in a glass. In the glass we have to take the sample. After taking all these we have to heat the glass in 20 min. In heating process we have to shake total liquor by glass rod in time to time.

Process curve :

Sample attachment :

Conclusion : 
Bio-polishing is very important in textile industries for many purposes. In this experiment we came to know how to do bio-polishing. We think, this experiment will be very helpful in our future working life.                                                                         

Textile Testing And Quality Control-1 (lab)

Experiment No. 1

Experiment Name: Introduction on T.T.Q.C. lab-1

Different types of textile textile machines and equipment present in the test present in the testing lab :

1.   Name of the Machine: Automatic Moisture Regain Taster.

Manufacture country / origin: India.

Brand name: MAG.

Model no: F0201.

Function / Use: To measure fiber moisture regain percentage (MR%).

2.   Name of the Machine: Beesley's Balance.

Manufacture country / origin: India.

Brand name: MAG.

Model no: C1101.

Function / Use: To measure fiber moisture count of yarn from fabric in Ne.

3.   Name of the Machine: Digital Twist Taster.

Manufacture country / origin: India.

Brand name: MAG.

Model no: YO757.

Function / Use: To measure twist amount per unit length if yarn.

4.   Name of the Machine: Electronic Balance.

Manufacture country / origin: Japan.

Brand name: AND.

Model no: FX3001.

Function / Use: To measure sample weight.

5.   Name of the Machine: .Warp Reel (for yarn)

Manufacture country / origin: India.

Brand name: MAG.

Model no: Y0151.

Function / Use: To measure required length of yarn.

6.   Name of the Machine: Warp Block (for sliver roving).

Manufacture country / origin: India.

Brand name: MAG.

Model no: F0751.

Function / Use: To measure required sample (silver / roving) length in yards.

7.   Name of the Machine: Wash Fastness Tester to colour.

Manufacture country / origin: India.

Brand name: MAG.

Model no: C0301.

Function / Use: Determination of colour fastness to wash.

8.   Name of the Machine: Wet and Dry Bulb Hygrometer

Manufacture country / origin: England.

Brand name: n/a.

Model no: n/a.

Function / Use: To measure atmospheric relative humidity percentage (RH%).

.   Name of the Machine: Washing Machine with Tumble Dryer.

Manufacture country / origin: Germany.

Brand name: Siemens.

Model no: WD12D523.

Function / use: Shrinkage and dimensional test.

Textile Testing And Quality Control-1(lab) Sliver

Name of the Experiment :

Determination of Sliver H.K by Wrap Block m/c and Digital Balance.

Objectives :

1. To Know about warp block machine.
2. To know how to determine the sliver H.K
3. To know how to work in warp block machine.
4. To know the use of electronic machine.

Scope :

1. Testing Lab.
2. Industry.

Laboratory Environment :

1. Temperature should be 28°c.
2. It should soundless laboratory.
3. The R.H% should 75%.

Description of the instrument :

1. Sliver Package.
2. Warp Block.
3. Electronic Balance.

Instrument Calibration :

In this environment instrument is calibrated.

Working Process :

At first log sliver package is calculated by Electronic Balance. Sample should be in gram. weight of gram should converted in lb. Then we will find M.K.

 Here :

               L   =  Sample Length.

               l    =  Length Unit

              W   =  Sample Weight

              w    =  Weight Unit

Data Analysis :

First we find sample weight in lb. Then we find out H.K by 

Then we take the reading in three times in similar way.

Result :

The Sliver H.K is 1.05.

Limitation :

1. We know standard temperature is 20±2°c but our laboratory temperature  is 28°c
2. We know the standard R.H% is 65±2% but we get R.H% is 75%

Conclusion :

In this environment we know how to find out the sliver in H.K. We also know how to calculate. Sample Weight in lb from gram. We also know how to use electronic balance.

Textile Testing And Quality Control-1 (lab) Roving

Name of the Experiment :

Determination of Roving H.K by Wrap Block m/c and Digital Balance.

Objectives :

1. To Know about warp block machine.
2. To know how to determine the roving H.K
3. To know how to work in warp block machine.
4. To know the use of electronic machine.

Scope :

1. Testing Lab.
2. Industry.

Laboratory Environment :

1. Temperature should be 28°c.
2. It should soundless laboratory.
3. The R.H% should 75%.

Description of the instrument :

1. Roving Package.
2. Warp Block.
3. Electronic Balance.

Instrument Calibration :

In this environment instrument is calibrated.

Working Process :

At first log roving package is calculated by Electronic Balance. Sample should be in gram. weight of gram should converted in lb. Then we will find M.K.

 Here :

               L   =  Sample Length.

               l    =  Length Unit

              W   =  Sample Weight

              w    =  Weight Unit

Data Analysis :

First we find sample weight in lb. Then we find out H.K by 

Then we take the reading in three times in similar way.

Result :

The Roving H.K is 1.05.

Limitation :

1. We know standard temperature is 20±2°c but our laboratory temperature  is 28°c
2. We know the standard R.H% is 65±2% but we get R.H% is 75%

Conclusion :

In this environment we know how to find out the roving in H.K. We also know how to calculate. Sample Weight in lb from gram. We also know how to use electronic balance.

Textile Wet Processing-1

What are the sources of water ?

Ans: The sources of water are -

         1. Rain water - we get it from sky.
         2. Surface water - we get it from river, sea, pond.
         3. Underground water - we get it under the soil.
                    i. subsoil water (under 20ft -100ft up)
                    ii. deep well water (under 200ft - 300ft up)

 Among these, deep well water is preferable for wet processing.

 What is PPM ?

 Ans: PPM(parts per million): The number of grains of calcium carbonates(caco3) which is     present in one million grains of water is called PPM.

Textile Raw Material

Add caption

Textile Testing and Quality Control

Physical Testing of Textiles

The first broad class of factors that affect the performance of fabrics are physical agents. The testing of textile in responding against different agents e.g electromagnetic frictional behaviors, wrinkling, abrasion etc. is called physical testing of textile.

•    Textile and Moisture                                                                           Dimensional                                                                                    Mechanical                                                                                      Electrical                                                                                          Atmospheric Moisture
•     Fiber Dimensions                                                                              Fiber Fineness                                                                              Fiber Length
•     Yarn Tests                                                                                         Linear Density                                                                               Twist                                                                                             Evenness                                                                                       Hairiness                                                                                       Friction
•     Strength and Elongation Tests                                                                Tensile Strength                                                                             Fiber Strength                                                                               Yarn Strength                                                                               Bursting and Seam Strength
•     Dimensional Stability
•     Serviceability                                                                                      Snagging                                                                                        Abrasion Resistance
•     Comfort                                                                                              Sensorial Comfort                                                                        Water Absorption                                                                          Water Repellency
•     Colour Fastness Testing
•     Evaluation of Fabric Handle
•     Quality

Textile Wet Processing-1 (lab)

Experiment Name : Making a list of lab equipment.

Serial No.	Equipment Name	Quantity	Function
1	Iron Machine	1	To remove wrinkles from fabric.
2	Electronic Balance Machine	3	To measure weight of fabric or calculate mass.
3	GSM Cutter	1	To determine the GSM of the given samples of fabric.
4	Gas Burner	12	To heat the water and chemicals.
5	Tripod Stand	8	To support laboratory equipment when it comes in heating objects.
6	Pipet	5	To measure exact predetermined volumes of liquids.
7	Beaker	7	To hold, mix and pour liquid or powdered chemicals.
8	Thermometer	4	To measure temperature.
9	Water Measuring Cylinder	5	To measure the volume of liquid.
10	PH Meter	2	To measure the acidity and alkalinity of a fluid.
11	PH Paper	5	To test the acid levels in liquids.
12	Scissor	3	To cut the fabrics.
13	Glass Rod	12	To mix or stir liquids and chemicals.
14	Padding Mangle Machine	1	To use for applications in dyeing, printing and finishing processes.
15	Drying and Curing Machine	1	To use for instant drying of printing coating.
16	Sample Dyeing Machine	1	To use for sample dyeing of yarn or fabrics at a max temperature.
17	Light Box	1	To use for situations where a shape laid upon the surface needs to be seen with high contrast.

Textile Wet Processing-1

Flow Chart For Wet Processing (for knitted fabric)

Scouring

(Remove fats and oils)

Bleaching

(Remove natural colour)

Enzyme Treatment

(Bio-polishing)

Textile Wet Processing-1

Flow Chart For Wet Processing (for woven fabric)

Singeing

(Remove floating fiber)

 Desizing 

(Remove size materials)

Scouring

(Remove fats and oils)

Bleaching

(Remove natural colour)

Mercerizing

(Increase, absorbency, strength and luster)