Textile Wet Processing-1

What are the sources of water ?

Ans: The sources of water are -

         1. Rain water - we get it from sky.
         2. Surface water - we get it from river, sea, pond.
         3. Underground water - we get it under the soil.
                    i. subsoil water (under 20ft -100ft up)
                    ii. deep well water (under 200ft - 300ft up)

 Among these, deep well water is preferable for wet processing.

 What is PPM ?

 Ans: PPM(parts per million): The number of grains of calcium carbonates(caco3) which is     present in one million grains of water is called PPM.

Textile Raw Material

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Textile Testing and Quality Control

Physical Testing of Textiles

The first broad class of factors that affect the performance of fabrics are physical agents. The testing of textile in responding against different agents e.g electromagnetic frictional behaviors, wrinkling, abrasion etc. is called physical testing of textile.

•    Textile and Moisture                                                                           Dimensional                                                                                    Mechanical                                                                                      Electrical                                                                                          Atmospheric Moisture
•     Fiber Dimensions                                                                              Fiber Fineness                                                                              Fiber Length
•     Yarn Tests                                                                                         Linear Density                                                                               Twist                                                                                             Evenness                                                                                       Hairiness                                                                                       Friction
•     Strength and Elongation Tests                                                                Tensile Strength                                                                             Fiber Strength                                                                               Yarn Strength                                                                               Bursting and Seam Strength
•     Dimensional Stability
•     Serviceability                                                                                      Snagging                                                                                        Abrasion Resistance
•     Comfort                                                                                              Sensorial Comfort                                                                        Water Absorption                                                                          Water Repellency
•     Colour Fastness Testing
•     Evaluation of Fabric Handle
•     Quality

Textile Wet Processing-1 (lab)

Experiment Name : Making a list of lab equipment.

Serial No.	Equipment Name	Quantity	Function
1	Iron Machine	1	To remove wrinkles from fabric.
2	Electronic Balance Machine	3	To measure weight of fabric or calculate mass.
3	GSM Cutter	1	To determine the GSM of the given samples of fabric.
4	Gas Burner	12	To heat the water and chemicals.
5	Tripod Stand	8	To support laboratory equipment when it comes in heating objects.
6	Pipet	5	To measure exact predetermined volumes of liquids.
7	Beaker	7	To hold, mix and pour liquid or powdered chemicals.
8	Thermometer	4	To measure temperature.
9	Water Measuring Cylinder	5	To measure the volume of liquid.
10	PH Meter	2	To measure the acidity and alkalinity of a fluid.
11	PH Paper	5	To test the acid levels in liquids.
12	Scissor	3	To cut the fabrics.
13	Glass Rod	12	To mix or stir liquids and chemicals.
14	Padding Mangle Machine	1	To use for applications in dyeing, printing and finishing processes.
15	Drying and Curing Machine	1	To use for instant drying of printing coating.
16	Sample Dyeing Machine	1	To use for sample dyeing of yarn or fabrics at a max temperature.
17	Light Box	1	To use for situations where a shape laid upon the surface needs to be seen with high contrast.

Textile Wet Processing-1

Flow Chart For Wet Processing (for knitted fabric)

Scouring

(Remove fats and oils)

Bleaching

(Remove natural colour)

Enzyme Treatment

(Bio-polishing)

Textile Wet Processing-1

Flow Chart For Wet Processing (for woven fabric)

Singeing

(Remove floating fiber)

 Desizing 

(Remove size materials)

Scouring

(Remove fats and oils)

Bleaching

(Remove natural colour)

Mercerizing

(Increase, absorbency, strength and luster)